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Matilda Carse
Matilda Bradley Carse (November 19, 1835–1917) was an Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer and leader of the temperance movement.
She was born to John Bradley and Catherine Cleland in Saintfield, Ireland, near Belfast, part of a Scotch-Irish merchant family. Educated in Ireland, Carse immigrated to Chicago in 1858. Later, she married a successful railroad manager and fellow Irish immigrant, Thomas Carse. His death from tuberculosis in 1870 left her a wealthy widow with an independent income, which she used to benefit local charities and welfare work. Her mission in life was determined soon afterward, when the youngest of her three sons,Thomas Alexander, was killed by a drunken drayman. After this incident, Carse became a determined and outspoken leader of the temperance movement in Chicago and nationwide in the United States. She joined the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1874, becoming the president of the Central Chicago WCTU in 1878. The Chicago branch became one of the most successful branches of the WCTU, thanks to Carse's involvement and leadership.
Though Matilda Carse is often remembered for her savvy as a businesswoman for the WCTU, she also sponsored various reform activities as the president of the Chicago Central Union. Carse's reform activities encouraged temperance but also more generally improved conditions for the working class in Chicago. Carse supported the development of nurseries for the children of working mothers, Sunday schools, medical dispensaries, and low income housing. Several of her notable reform projects include the opening of the Rehobeth refuge and recovery shelter, as well as the Bethesda Mission, which was specifically aimed at teaching neighborhood women practical household skills. Both missions also held temperance support meetings. Carse's social reforms positively influenced the slums of Chicago particularly by providing services and opportunities for members of the poverty-stricken working class.
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